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1.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 37: e37043, Jan.-Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358928

ABSTRACT

Successive mowing are the major maintenance costs of lawns. Thus, both the expenditure with mowing and the visual and physiological aspect of the lawn have led to the search for alternatives to mechanical management. Thus, this work aimed to study the effects of different rates of imazapic herbicide applied alone or combined with imazapyr as a growth regulator of Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of six rates of imazapic herbicide (35; 70; 105; 140; 175 and 210 g a.i. ha-1) for both species, three rates of imazapic + imazapyr in tank mix (15.57 + 5.25; 23.625 + 7.875; 32.5 + 10.5 g a.i. ha-1) for Bahiagrass and four rates of imazapic + imazapyr mixture (7.875 + 2.625; 15.57 + 5.25; 23.625 + 7.875; 32.5 + 10.5 g a.i. ha-1) for St. Augustine grass. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by observing visible injury symptoms, canopy height, height and number of inflorescences and total dry matter of clippings. Applications of imazapic alone or combined with imazapyr were effective in reducing plant height, number and height of inflorescences and total amount of dry matter of clippings produced by Bahiagrass plants. Imazapic provided satisfactory control of St. Augustine growth, but its utilization caused an increase in the number of inflorescences present in the lawns.


Subject(s)
Paspalum/growth & development , Complex Mixtures/administration & dosage , Herbicides/administration & dosage
2.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 50(5): e20190382, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098172

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objective of the following research was to investigate the physiological responses of two bahiagrass genotypes (Paspalum notatum Flügge) submitted to water restriction, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), during seed germination. Seeds of cv. Pensacola (diploid) and Bagual ecotype (tetraploid) were placed on paper moistened with osmotic solutions at potentials of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa. Composed of two subsamples of 100 seeds and four experimental units per treatment, the germination test was conducted in a germination chamber under alternating temperatures of 30 °C (8 hours) and 20 °C (16 hours), with presence of light during the higher temperature. Final germination percentage and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as early growth, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of seedlings were evaluated. The water restriction induced by PEG6000 reduced the percentage of germination in Pensacola (from 74% to 59%) and Bagual (34% to 10%). For the latter, the evaluation of seedlings showed higher dry mass in relation to cv. Pensacola (1.7 times higher in root and 1.6 times in shoot). In response to moderate water restriction, the genotypes showed increases in root growth (1.7 times higher in -0.1 compared to 0.0 MPa), both in expression and enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase).


RESUMO: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as respostas fisiológicas de dois genótipos de grama forquilha (Paspalum notatum Flügge) sob restrição hídrica induzida por polietileno glicol (PEG6000) durante a germinação de sementes. Sementes da cv. Pensacola (diplóide) e do ecótipo Bagual (tetraplóide) foram colocadas em papel umedecido com soluções osmóticas nos potenciais de 0,0; -0,1; -0,2 e -0,3 MPa. Composto de duas subamostras de 100 sementes e quatro unidades experimentais por tratamento, o teste de germinação foi conduzido em câmara de germinação sob temperatura alternada de 30-20 ºC, com presença de luz durante a maior temperatura. Foram avaliados a porcentagem final e o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes, assim como o crescimento inicial, a atividade e a expressão de enzimas antioxidantes das plântulas. A restrição hídrica induzida por PEG6000 reduziu o percentual de germinação em Pensacola (de 74 para 59%) e Bagual (34 para 10%). Este último, na avaliação de plântulas, apresentou massa seca superior em relação à cv. Pensacola (1.7 vezes superior em raiz e 1.6 vezes superior em parte aérea). Em resposta à restrição hídrica moderada, os genótipos apresentaram aumentos tanto do crescimento radicular (1.7 vezes superior em -0.1 em comparação com 0.0 MPa), quanto da expressão e da atividade enzimática (superóxido dismutase e catalase).

3.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 48(1): 87-94, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-839361

ABSTRACT

Abstract In order to obtain an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) native inoculum from Sierra de Moa and determine the most appropriate conditions for its big scale production, four light and temperature combinations were tested in three plant species (Calophyllum antillanum, Talipariti elatum and Paspalum notatum). Growth and development parameters, as well as the mycorrhizal functioning of the seedlings were evaluated. The natural light treatment under high temperatures (L-H) was the most suitable for the growth and development of the three plant species, showing the highest total biomass values, mainly of root, and a positive root-shoot ratio balance. This treatment also promoted higher values of root mycorrhizal colonization, external mycelium and AMF spore density. A total of 38 AMF species were identified among the plants and environmental conditions tested. Archaeospora sp.1, Glomus sp.5, Glomus brohultii and G. glomerulatum were observed in all the treatments. The L-H condition can be recommended for native inoculum production, as it promotes a better expression of the AM symbiosis and an elevated production of mycorrhizal propagules.


Subject(s)
Plant Roots/microbiology , Mycorrhizae , Environment , Soil Microbiology , Spores, Fungal , Symbiosis , Colony Count, Microbial , Mycorrhizae/growth & development , Seedlings/growth & development , Seedlings/microbiology
4.
Ciênc. rural ; 44(12): 2171-2177, 12/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-729801

ABSTRACT

Na mineração de carvão a céu aberto, a superfície é completamente suprimida de vegetação e as camadas de solo e rochas que recobrem os bancos de carvão são removidas, causando drásticas alterações no perfil do solo original. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes espécies de poáceas na recuperação da estrutura de um solo construído, como parte da estratégia de recuperação de áreas degradadas por mineração de carvão. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: T1 - Hemarthria altissima, T2 - Paspalum notatum, T3 - Cynodon dactilon, T4 - Urochloa brizantha. Como testemunha, utilizou-se o solo construído sem cobertura vegetal, denominada T5. Foram coletadas amostras de solo não preservadas e preservadas nas camadas de 0,00-0,10m e 0,10-0,20m, para as determinações da porcentagem de macroagregados e microagregados, diâmetro médio ponderado, carbono orgânico, densidade e macroporosidade do solo construído. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados aos 05, 41 e 78 meses após o estabelecimento do experimento. Aos 78 meses de condução do experimento, observa-se ação positiva das quatro espécies vegetais na recuperação da agregação do solo construído, com destaque para a Urochloa brizantha que proporcionou a menor densidade do solo e um dos maiores valores de macroporosidade. As poáceas proporcionaram uma melhoria na estruturação do solo construído, principalmente a partir dos 41 meses de condução do experimento, quando houve um incremento nos valores de DMP, principalmente na camada de 0,00-0,10m. Os teores de carbono orgânico foram incrementados ao longo do tempo, entretanto, isso não se refletiu em aumento do DMP aos 78 meses.


In surface coal mining the vegetation is completely suppressed and layers of soil and rocks that cover the coal seams are removed, causing drastic changes in the original soil profile. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different species of grasses in the recovery of a constructed soil structure as part of the strategy of reclamation for coal mining. The treatments were: T1 - Hemarthria altissima, T2 - Paspalum notatum, T3 - Cynodon dactilon, T4 - Urochloa brizantha. As a control, a bare constructed soil was used, called T5. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected in 0.00-0.10m and 0.10-0.20m layers for the determination of the percentage of macroaggregates and microaggregates, mean weight diameter, organic carbon, bulk density and macroporosity. The results were evaluated at 05, 41 and 78 months after the establishment of the experiment. After 78 months of conducting the experiment, positive action of the four plant species in the reclamation of soil aggregation was observed, especially for Urochloa brizantha that showed the lowest bulk density and the highest values of macroporosity. The species provided a structural improvement in the constructed soil, mainly after 41 months of conducting the experiment when there was an increase in the values of MWD, mainly in the 0.00 to 0.1 m layer. The organic carbon contents were increased over time, however, did not result in increased of MWD at 78 months.

5.
Ciênc. rural ; 42(10): 1722-1730, out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-651691

ABSTRACT

A similaridade botânica do capim-annoni com as espécies forrageiras nativas ou cultivadas dificultam o seu controle em pastagens naturais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de associações entre herbicidas e protetores sobre o controle de capim-annoni e a seletividade em pastagem natural. Foram realizados dois experimentos a campo em área de pastagem natural típica do Bioma Pampa avaliando-se herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência. Outro experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com as espécies capim-annoni e grama forquilha onde foram avaliados os herbicidas glufosinate-ammonium e imazethapyr. Em ambos os experimentos os herbicidas foram avaliados isolados ou em associação com os protetores anidrido naftálico, dietholate e fluxofenim. Os experimentos a campo demonstraram que os herbicidas aplicados em pré ou pós-emergência em interação com os protetores não proporcionaram controle satisfatório do capim-annoni e nem aumento da seletividade à pastagem natural. Por outro lado, o experimento em condições controladas indicou a ocorrência de sinergismo do herbicida glufosinate-ammonium em interação com os protetores anidrido naftálico, dietholate e fluxofenim sobre o capim-annoni. As diferenças relacionadas a estádio de desenvolvimento e densidade de infestação estão relacionadas as variações das respostas nos estudos a campo e em condições controladas. A utilização de herbicidas em associações com protetores apresenta potencialidade de controle seletivo de capim-annoni quando aplicado em plantas em estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento.


The botanical similarity of the invasive weed Eragrostis plana Nees (South African lovegrass) difficult its selective control in natural pastures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association between herbicides and safeners on the control of E. plana and on the selectivity to the natural pastures. Two experiments were conducted at field conditions in area of natural grassland of the Biome Pampa where several herbicides were evaluated in pre and post-emergence. A third experiment was carried out in greenhouse evaluating the herbicides glufosinate-ammonium and imazethapyr and the species E. plana and Paspalum notatum. In both experiments, the herbicides were evaluated isolated and in association with the safeners anhydride naphtalic, dietholate and fluxofenim. The field experiments indicated that the evaluated safeners did not increase E. plana control and native grassland selectively. The greenhouse experiment indicated the occurrence of synergism on E. plana for the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium in mixture with the safeners anhydride naphtalic, dietholate and fluxofenim. The different results in the field and greenhouse experiments are related to the plant stage and density. The use of herbicides in association with safeners indicated a potentiality for selective control of E. plana when applied to plants in the early stages of development.

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